Understanding Pica in Pets: Causes, Dangers and When to Call the Vet
Has your dog chewed on socks or stones? Or have you caught your cat nibbling string or plastic? While it might seem quirky or even amusing, this behaviour, known as pica, can be dangerous for your pet.
As a vet, I see many cases of dogs and cats eating items that aren’t food. It’s common, but it can lead to serious health problems if not addressed. Here’s how to understand why it happens and what you can do to help.
What Is Pica?
Pica is the act of eating non-food items. It can happen in dogs and cats at any age, and there are a number of possible causes.
Common Causes of Pica
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Boredom
Pets who don’t have enough physical or mental stimulation may chew or eat unusual objects simply to occupy themselves.
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Nutrient deficiencies
If your pet’s diet is missing key nutrients, they may seek out other items—even if those won’t meet their nutritional needs.
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Stress and anxiety
Dogs and cats can use chewing or eating objects as a coping mechanism. Big life changes, separation anxiety or other stressors can trigger pica.
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Medical issues
Conditions like gastrointestinal disease, intestinal parasites, diabetes or hormonal imbalances can drive pets to eat unusual things.
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Attention-seeking behaviour
Some pets learn that eating strange items gets a reaction from their owners and may repeat it.
Are Some Breeds More Prone to Pica?
Yes. While pica can affect any dog or cat, certain breeds appear to be more predisposed.
● Dogs: Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Dachshunds are often noted for chewing or swallowing inappropriate items.
● Cats: Siamese and other Oriental breeds can be more prone to chewing wool or fabric.
Knowing your pet’s breed tendencies can help you stay vigilant and proactive.
Why Pica Can Be Dangerous
Eating non-food items can cause a number of health problems. Objects like stones, socks or string can cause choking or block the digestive tract. Other items, like batteries, toxic plants or sharp objects, can poison or seriously injure your pet.
Seek immediate veterinary advice if your pet is vomiting, lethargic, in pain, or showing signs of distress after eating something unusual.
What Should You Do If Your Pet Eats Non-Food Items?
● Stay calm: Panicking can make your pet panic too.
● Remove the item safely: If you can take it away without risk, do so.
● Don’t punish your pet: Scolding often makes pica worse, especially if it’s stress-related.
● Call your vet: If you’re worried or suspect the item could be harmful, seek professional advice.
How to Reduce the Risk of Pica
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Increase enrichment
Puzzle feeders, safe chew toys, play sessions and interactive games can prevent boredom and provide mental stimulation.
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Control the environment
Keep harmful or tempting items out of reach. Close laundry baskets and tidy away objects your pet might chew.
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Address diet
Ask your vet to review your pet’s diet and check for nutritional deficiencies.
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Help them feel secure
Anxiety can trigger pica. A predictable routine, safe resting spaces and, if necessary, calming supplements or behaviour training can help.
When to See a Vet
If pica is a regular habit, your pet eats dangerous objects, or they develop symptoms like vomiting or lethargy, book a veterinary appointment. Your vet can rule out underlying conditions and guide you on how to manage the behaviour safely.
Pica can be frustrating and worrying, but with the right help and home management, most pets can overcome it or have their behaviour safely controlled.
