Pet Dementia Explained: Spotting the Signs of Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome in Ageing Dogs and Cats
As our pets age, their needs can change in ways we do not always expect. One of the lesser-known conditions affecting senior dogs and cats is Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) - a degenerative brain condition that shares many features with dementia in humans.
While CDS cannot be cured, early recognition and the right support can make a real difference to your pet’s comfort, wellbeing, and quality of life.
What Is Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome in Pets?
Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome is a progressive condition caused by changes in the brain, including reduced blood flow and the build-up of abnormal proteins. These changes can affect memory, learning, and behaviour.
CDS typically appears in dogs aged eight years and older, and in cats from around ten. Some pets may show signs earlier due to breed predisposition or underlying health issues.
Early Signs of Dementia in Dogs and Cats
Symptoms often develop gradually and can be mistaken for normal ageing. Signs of CDS may include:
● Disorientation: Getting lost in familiar places, becoming stuck behind furniture, or appearing confused
● Disturbed sleep patterns: Restlessness at night, pacing, or vocalising
● Reduced social interaction: Becoming withdrawn, anxious, or less responsive
● House soiling: Forgetting toilet habits even when previously well-trained
● Aimless activity: Pacing, circling, or staring into space
● Reduced interest in toys, walks, or affection
These signs may appear one at a time or in combination. If you notice any of them, it’s a good idea to talk to your vet.
How Is CDS Diagnosed and Treated?
CDS is diagnosed based on observed behaviour and by ruling out other medical causes. Your vet may recommend blood tests, urine analysis, or imaging to rule out conditions such as arthritis, vision loss, or metabolic diseases.
While CDS cannot be reversed, several options are available to help slow progression and improve quality of life:
● Nutritional support: Prescription diets containing antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids and brain-supportive nutrients can help
● Cognitive supplements: SAMe, phosphatidylserine, B vitamins and other compounds may benefit pets with CDS
● Medication: In some cases, medication may help reduce anxiety or improve cognitive function
● Environmental enrichment: Puzzle toys, scent games, and simple training tasks can stimulate the brain
● Consistency and routine: Keeping feeding times, walks and interactions predictable reduces confusion
● Home adaptations: Add night lights, soft bedding, and easy access to essentials like food and water bowls
Supporting Ageing Pets with CDS
While it can be difficult to watch your pet change, it’s important to remember that many dogs and cats with CDS continue to live happy lives. The key is early detection, a structured daily routine, and open communication with your vet.
